山药又叫薯芋、薯药、延章、玉延等。中国食用山药已有3000多年的历史，自古以来，它就被誉为物美价廉的补虚佳品,既可作主粮，又可作蔬菜，还可以制成糖葫芦之类的小吃。
中国中医科学院广安门医院食疗营养部主任王宜：山药是药食同源的好食材，早在《神农本草经》中就有记载：“山药补中益气，长肌肉，久服耳聪目明，轻身不饥延年。”山药味甘性平，其补脾养胃的功效特别显著，而且它不寒不热、作用温和，非常适合胃功能不强，脾虚食少、消化不良、腹泻的人食用。
据现代药学分析，山药含有丰富的淀粉、蛋白质、无机盐和多种维生素(如维生素B1、维生素B2、烟酸、抗坏血酸、胡萝卜素)等营养物质，还含有多量纤维素以及胆碱、粘液质等成分。
山药最大的特点是能够供给人体大量的粘液蛋白。这是一种多糖蛋白质，对人体有特殊的保健作用，能预防心血管系统的脂肪沉积，保持血管的弹性，防止动脉粥样硬化过早发生，减少皮下脂肪沉积。
主要作用：
1.山药含有的淀粉酶、多酚氧化酶等物质，有利于脾胃消化吸收功能。临床上常用治脾胃虚弱、食少体倦、泄泻等病症。
2.由于山药富含多种维生素、氨基酸和矿物质，可增加人体T淋巴细胞，增强免疫功能，延缓细胞衰老，有延年益寿之功效。
3.. 山药中的黏质液有促进荷尔蒙的合成作用，能帮助女性改善因荷尔蒙减少而产生的肌肤老化现象，经常食用能够增强肌肤保湿功能，使皮肤光滑有弹性。
适宜人群:
1. 消化功能低下者，或患有胃肠道疾病导致消化吸收普通食物较困难者。
2. 需增强体质、提高免疫功能的人士。
3. 需要增加皮肤弹性及保湿功能、保持皮肤光滑滋润的女性。
饮食宜忌
山药有收涩的作用，故大便干燥者不宜食用。
Rhizoma Dioscoreae(Chinese Yam)
What is dioscorea? What is it used for?
Also known as the Chinese yam, dioscorea has been utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. Although there are approximately 800 different species of dioscorea, the Chinese yam is native to China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan. The plant consists of a climbing vine studded with heart-shaped leaves and small, white flowers that smell like cinnamon. The yam consists of the plant’s root, which is thick, spindle-shaped and white on the inside. The yams are harvested in the winter; after the outer bark is removed, the root is washed and allowed to dry in the sun, then dehydrated and cut into thick slices.
Chinese yam is classified as neutral and sweet. It is used as a tonic and serves to tonify the spleen and stomach, helps in treating poor appetite and listlessness due to deficiency of the spleen and stomach, or diarrhea, loose stool etc.
Chinese Yam root contains diosgenin, which has such effects as anti-fatigue, anti-inflammation, and anti-stress etc. It has also other nutritious elements, such as saponins, choline, beta-carotene, amino acids, vitamin C, iron, amylase (enzyme), protein, and starch etc that may improve immune system and promote healthy skin.
Dosage
The general dosage of dioscorea is 3 grams of root concentrated powder per day.
Precautions:
Chinese yam not suitable for constipation people. It should also not be taken if a patient’s symptoms include abdominal pain and swelling.
As always, consult with a qualified, licensed health care provider before taking any other herbal remedy or dietary supplement.
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